Orthopaedic engineering

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MEC8049: Orthopaedic engineering

Part 2: Dr Piergiorgio Gentile (STB, mezzanine floor, M2a)

Dr Ana Ferreira Duarte (STB, second floor 2.21)

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Part 2 Date Room Lecturer Topic 9th March at 1 pm MERZ L302 AFD Introduction 10th March at 3 pm MERZ L302 AFD 1. Biological strategies for improving osseointegration

16th March at 1 pm MERZ L302 PG 2. Biological surface functionalisation to improve biological

features 17th March at 3 pm MERZ L302 PG 2. Biological surface coating technologies: Layer-by-Layer

23rd March at 1 pm MERZ L302 AFD 3. Additive manufacturing: bioprinting

24th March at 3 pm MERZ L302 AFD & PG 3. Additive manufacturing: 3D printing

27th April at 1 pm MERZ L302 AFD 4. Cell therapy 28th April at 3pm MERZ L302 PG 4. Bone models for orthopaedics

04th May at 1 pm MERZ L302 AFD 5. Biological Complications and Their Management 05th May at 3 pm MERZ L302 PG 6. An overview on the orthopaedic standards

11th -12th May Revision

week

AFD & PG Consultancy hours for the Report 2

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1. Biological strategies for improving osseointegration (AFD)

Roach (2007) J Mater Sci Mater Med 18:1263 Gittens et al. (2011) Biomaterials 32:3395

Part 2

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2. Biological surface functionalisation to improve biological features (PG)

Richardson et al. (2015) Science 348, aaa2491

Part 2

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3. Additive manufacturing: bioprinting & 3D printing (AFD & PG)

Part 2

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4. Cell therapy & bone models for orthopaedics (AFD & PG)

Part 2

Measurable data to predict the risks

Enables3R’s

• Tissue and organ regeneration

• Understanding/analysis and treatment of diseases (e.g. cancer, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, etc.)

• Drug discovery and evaluation

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2017.00040/full

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5. Biological complications and their management (AFD)

Part 2

Figure 1. (a–c) X-ray of a 36 year-old male patient few days following curettage of a low-grade chondrosarcoma of the left proximal tibia. (b and c) Follow-up radiographs 7 and 13 months following index surgery showing integration but no resorption of the artificial bone graft substitute. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-02048-w

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6. An overview on the orthopaedic standards (PG)

Part 2

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Assessment (%)

Written examination Report 1 (Part 1) Report 2 (Part 2)

90 min 4 long questions, 2 from each half of the course (Part 1 & 2)

Report 1 is due in week 30

Report 2 is due in week 37 (11 May*)

*These dates are to be confirmed

Assessment

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Projects

Solve a device issues for a particular musculoskeletal

application (eg. THR, cancer drug screening, fixation

plates and screws, etc)

1. Antibacterial coatings on metals

2. Antibacterial coatings on polymers

3. Osseointegration of polymeric implants

4. Osseointegration of porous metallic implants

5. Bioprinting vs 3D printing on metals or polymers

6. Bioprinting of in vitro bone models

7. Issues and troubleshooting on bioprinting for

orthopaedics

8. More are coming!

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Report Structure

Structure (limit 20 pages)

 Abstract (200 words)

 Introduction

 Motivation & background

 Literature Review

 Methods*

 Discussion and Analysis

 Conclusion

Marking criteria

 Capability (70%)

✓ Quality of background (30%)

✓ Description and justification of selected process and/or manufacturing route to solve specific implant issue (20%)

✓ Commercial viability, lifecycle, regulations and standards (20%)

 Organisation

 Relevance and prioritisation

 Deployment of evidence

 Making logically reasoned argument

Basic requirements – Presentation (30%)

 Task specification

 Style and format

 Sources and references

 Plain English

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Assessment Table 1. GENERIC CRITERIA USED TO ASSESS AN ENGINEERING REPORT

BASIC REQUIREMENTS – “PRESENTATION” CAPABILITY – “TECHNICAL CONTENT”

Task Specification – does the Report cover (completely) what was

asked for and does it do so at an appropriate (eg as specified or

suggested) length?

Organisation – does the Report have clearly stated objectives

(appropriate to the Task Specification) and lead logically to a

statement of conclusions for each one?

Style and format for engineering Reports

– does it conform to the normal English-speaking world

professional engineering conventions? (see separate Checklist at end)

Relevance and prioritisation – is there a balanced choice of content

appropriate to the stated Report objectives and focussed on

reaching conclusions to these?

Sources – identified for all data, information, opinions, etc with

appropriate citation from Report text as well as adequate

unambiguous referencing?

Deployment of evidence – is this chosen and presented appropriately

and impartially to the issues under consideration?

Plain English – is the presentation always clearly understandable to

technically-literate (but not necessarily specialist) readers? Eg, are

specialist terminology or acronyms defined?

Making a logically reasoned argument – is the evidence systematically

evaluated to arrive at every outcome (opinion, assumption, deduction

or conclusion) by well-argued reasoning?

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(Some) Literature

Biological strategies for improving osseointegration https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S0169409X15000484

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC439 0115/

Biological surface coating/functionalisation to improve biological features (i.e. LbL) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S0142961213001154

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S0167779909002352

Additive manufacturing: 3D printing and bioprinting https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S1005030218301798

In vitro models and cell therapy https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC591 0611/

Biological Complications and Their Management https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11914- 018-0441-0

An overview on the orthopaedic standards (according ASTM International)

How to find good literature???

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1.Scientific databases Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed, Scholar Google, … http://www.ncl.ac.uk/library/resources/ )

2. Use appropriate keywords (eg. don’t be too broad or narrow in the research)

3. Give a look on the abstract. Is it pertinent to your project topic? YES: go on in the reading of the paper NO: move on the next one

4. Create your “personal” library that collects all the pertinent papers for your report (eg. in Excel?)

(Some) Literature